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Programming WebLogic JDBC

# Using WebLogic Wrapper Drivers

BEA recommends that you use DataSource objects to get database connections in new applications. DataSource objects, along with the JNDI tree, provide access to connection pools for database connectivity. For existing or legacy applications that use the JDBC 1.x API, you can use the WebLogic wrapper drivers to get database connectivity.

The following sections describe how to use WebLogic wrapper drivers with WebLogic Server:

- Using the WebLogic RMI Driver
- Using the WebLogic JTS Driver
- Using the WebLogic Pool Driver

# Using the WebLogic RMI Driver

RMI driver clients make their connection to the DBMS by looking up the DataSource object. This lookup is accomplished by using a Java Naming and Directory Service (JNDI) lookup, or by directly calling WebLogic Server which performs the JNDI lookup on behalf of the client.

The RMI driver replaces the functionality of both the WebLogic t3 driver (deprecated) and the Pool driver, and uses the Java standard Remote Method Invocation (RMI) to connect to WebLogic Server rather than the proprietary t3 protocol.

Because the details of the RMI implementation are taken care of automatically by the driver, a knowledge of RMI is not required to use the WebLogic JDBC/RMI driver.

## Setting Up WebLogic Server to Use the WebLogic RMI Driver

The RMI driver is accessible through DataSource objects, which are created in the Administration Console. You should create DataSource objects in your WebLogic Server configuration before you use the RMI driver in your applications. For instructions to create a DataSource, see the Administration Console Online Help.

## Sample Client Code for Using the RMI Driver

The following code samples show how to use the RMI driver to get and use a database connection from a WebLogic Server connection pool.

### Import the Required Packages

Before you can use the RMI driver to get and use a database connection, you must import the following packages:

>     javax.sql.DataSource
>     java.sql.*
>     java.util.*
>     javax.naming.*

### Get the Database Connection

The WebLogic JDBC/RMI client obtains its connection to a DBMS from the DataSource object that you defined in the Administration Console. There are two ways the client can obtain a DataSource object:

- Using a JNDI lookup. This is the preferred and most direct procedure.
- Passing the DataSource name to the RMI driver with the `Driver.connect()`method. In this case, WebLogic Server performs the JNDI look up on behalf of the client.

### Using a JNDI Lookup to Obtain the Connection

To access the WebLogic RMI driver using JNDI, obtain a context from the JNDI tree by looking up the name of your DataSource object. For example, to access a DataSource called "`myDataSource`" that is defined in Administration Console:

>     Context ctx = null;
>       Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
>       ht.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
>              "weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");
>       ht.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL,
>              "t3://hostname:port");

>       try {
>         ctx = new InitialContext(ht);
>         javax.sql.DataSource ds
>           = (javax.sql.DataSource) ctx.lookup ("myDataSource");
>        java.sql.Connection conn = ds.getConnection();

>        // You can now use the conn object to create
>        //  a Statement object to execute
>        //  SQL statements and process result sets:

>     Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
>     stmt.execute("select * from someTable");
>     ResultSet rs = stmt.getResultSet();

>        // Do not forget to close the statement and connection objects
>        //  when you are finished:
>      }
>       catch (Exception e) {
>         // a failure occurred
>         log message;
>       }
>     } finally {
>       try {
>         ctx.close();
>       } catch (Exception e) {
>          log message; }
>       try {
>         if (rs != null) rs.close();
>       } catch (Exception e) {
>          log message; }
>       try {
>         if (stmt != null) stmt.close();
>       } catch (Exception e) {
>          log message; }
>       try {
>         if (conn != null) conn.close();
>       } catch (Exception e) {
>          log message; }
>     }

(Where `hostname` is the name of the machine running your WebLogic Server and `port` is the port number where that machine is listening for connection requests.)

In this example a Hashtable object is used to pass the parameters required for the JNDI lookup. There are other ways to perform a JNDI lookup. For more information, see Programming WebLogic JNDI .

Notice that the JNDI lookup is wrapped in a `try/catch` block in order to catch a failed look up and also that the context is closed in a `finally` block.

### Using Only the WebLogic RMI Driver to Obtain a Database Connection

Instead of looking up a DataSource object to get a database connection, you can access WebLogic Server using the `Driver.connect()` method, in which case the JDBC/RMI driver performs the JNDI lookup. To access the WebLogic Server, pass the parameters defining the URL of your WebLogic Server and the name of the DataSource object to the `Driver.connect()` method. For example, to access a DataSource called "myDataSource" as defined in the Administration Console:

>     java.sql.Driver myDriver = (java.sql.Driver)
>       Class.forName("weblogic.jdbc.rmi.Driver").newInstance();

>     String url =	"jdbc:weblogic:rmi";

>     java.util.Properties props = new java.util.Properties();
>     props.put("weblogic.server.url", "t3://hostname:port");
>     props.put("weblogic.jdbc.datasource", "myDataSource");

>     java.sql.Connection conn = myDriver.connect(url, props);

(Where `hostname` is the name of the machine running your WebLogic Server and `port` is the port number where that machine is listening for connection requests.)

You can also define the following properties which will be used to set the JNDI user information:

- `weblogic.user`—specifies a username
- `weblogic.credential`—specifies the password for the `weblogic.user`.

## Row Caching with the WebLogic RMI Driver

Row caching is a WebLogic Server JDBC feature that improves the performance of your application. Normally, when a client calls `ResultSet.next()`, WebLogic Server fetches a single row from the DBMS and transmits it to the client JVM. With row caching enabled, a single call to `ResultSet.next()` retrieves multiple DBMS rows, and caches them in client memory. By reducing the number of trips across the wire to retrieve data, row caching improves performance.

Note: WebLogic Server will not perform row caching when the client and WebLogic Server are in the same JVM.

You can enable and disable row caching and set the number of rows fetched per `ResultSet.next()` call with the Data Source attributes Row Prefetch Enabled and Row Prefetch Size, respectively. You set Data Source attributes via the Administration Console. To enable row caching and to set the row prefetch size attribute for a DataSource or TxDataSource, follow these steps:

1. In the left pane of the Administration Console, navigate to Services—>JDBC—>Data Sources or Tx Data Sources, then select the DataSource or TxDataSource for which you want to enable row caching.
2. In the right pane of the Administration Console, select the Configuration tab if it is not already selected.
3. Select the Row Prefetch Enabled check box.
4. In Row Prefetch Size, type the number of rows you want to cache for each `ResultSet.next()` call.

### Important Limitations for Row Caching with the WebLogic RMI Driver

Keep the following limitations in mind if you intend to implement row caching with the RMI driver:

- WebLogic Server only performs row caching if the result set type is both TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and CONCUR_READ_ONLY.
- Certain data types in a result set may disable caching for that result set. These include the following:

- LONGVARCHAR/LONGVARBINARY
- NULL
- BLOB/CLOB
- ARRAY
- REF
- STRUCT
- JAVA_OBJECT

- Certain ResultSet methods are not supported if row caching is enabled and active for that result set. Most pertain to streaming data, scrollable result sets or data types not supported for row caching. These include the following:

- `getAsciiStream()`
- `getUnicodeStream()`
- `getBinaryStream()`
- `getCharacterStream()`
- `isBeforeLast()`
- `isAfterLast()`
- `isFirst()`
- `isLast()`
- `getRow()`
- `getObject (Map)`
- `getRef()`
- `getBlob()/getClob()`
- `getArray()`
- `getDate()`
- `getTime()`
- `getTimestamp()`

# Using the WebLogic JTS Driver

The Java Transaction Services or JTS driver is a server-side Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) driver that provides access to both connection pools and global transactions from applications running in WebLogic Server. Connections to a database are made from a connection pool and use a two-tier JDBC driver running in WebLogic Server to connect to the Database Management System (DBMS) on behalf of your application. Your application uses the JTS driver to access a connection from the connection pool.

WebLogic Server also uses the JTS driver internally when a connection from a connection pool that uses a non-XA JDBC driver participates in a global transaction. This behavior enables a non-XA resource to emulate XA and participate in a two-phase commit transaction. See "Configuring Non-XA JDBC Drivers for Distributed Transactions" in the Administration Console Online Help.

Once a transaction begins, all database operations in an execute thread that get their connection from the same connection pool share the same connection from that pool. These operations can be made through services such as Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) or Java Messaging Service (JMS), or by directly sending SQL statements using standard JDBC calls. All of these operations will, by default, share the same connection and participate in the same transaction.When the transaction is committed or rolled back, the connection is returned to the pool.

Although Java clients may not register the JTS driver themselves, they may participate in transactions via Remote Method Invocation (RMI). You can begin a transaction in a thread on a client and then have the client call a remote RMI object. The database operations executed by the remote object become part of the transaction that was begun on the client. When the remote object is returned back to the calling client, you can then commit or roll back the transaction. The database operations executed by the remote objects must all use the same connection pool to be part of the same transaction.

For the JTS driver and your application to participate in a global transaction, the application must call `conn = myDriver.connect("jdbc:weblogic:jts", props);` within a global transaction. After the transaction completes (gets committed or rolled back), WebLogic Server puts the connection back in the connection pool. If you want to use a connection for another global transaction, the application must call `conn = myDriver.connect("jdbc:weblogic:jts", props);` again within a new global transaction.

## Sample Client Code for Using the JTS Driver

To use the JTS driver, you must first use the Administration Console to create a connection pool in WebLogic Server. For more information, see Configuring and Using Connection Pools.

This explanation demonstrates creating and using a JTS transaction from a server-side application and uses a connection pool named "`myConnectionPool`."

1. Import the following classes:

>     import javax.transaction.UserTransaction;
>     import java.sql.*;
>     import javax.naming.*;
>     import java.util.*;
>     import weblogic.jndi.*;

2. Establish the transaction by using the `UserTransaction` class. You can look up this class on the JNDI tree. The `UserTransaction` class controls the transaction on the current execute thread. Note that this class does not represent the transaction itself. The actual context for the transaction is associated with the current execute thread.

>     Context ctx = null;
>     Hashtable env = new Hashtable();

>     env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
>              "weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");

>     // Parameters for the WebLogic Server.
>     // Substitute the correct hostname, port number
>     // user name, and password for your environment:
>     env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, "t3://localhost:7001");
>     env.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, "Fred");
>     env.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, "secret");

>     ctx = new InitialContext(env);

>     UserTransaction tx = (UserTransaction)
>       ctx.lookup("javax.transaction.UserTransaction");

3. Start a transaction on the current thread:

>     // Start the global transaction before getting a connection
>     tx.begin();

4. Load the JTS driver:

>     Driver myDriver = (Driver)
>      Class.forName("weblogic.jdbc.jts.Driver").newInstance();

5. Get a connection from the connection pool:

>     Properties props = new Properties();
>     props.put("connectionPoolID", "myConnectionPool");

>     conn = myDriver.connect("jdbc:weblogic:jts", props);

6. Execute your database operations. These operations may be made by any service that uses a database connection, including EJB, JMS, and standard JDBC statements. These operations must use the JTS driver to access the same connection pool as the transaction begun in step 3 in order to participate in that transaction.

If the additional database operations using the JTS driver use a different connection pool than the one specified in step 5, an exception will be thrown when you try to commit or roll back the transaction.

7. Close your connection objects. Note that closing the connections does not commit the transaction nor return the connection to the pool:

>     conn.close();

8. Complete the transaction by either committing the transaction or rolling it back. In the case of a commit, the JTS driver commits all the transactions on all connection objects in the current thread and returns the connection to the pool.

>     tx.commit();

>     // or:

>     tx.rollback();

# Using the WebLogic Pool Driver

The WebLogic Pool driver enables utilization of connection pools from server-side applications such as HTTP servlets or EJBs. For information about using the Pool driver, see "Accessing Databases" in Programming Tasks in Programming WebLogic HTTP Servlets.